ENIAC arba elektroninis skaitmeninis integratorius ir kompiuteris angl Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer pirm

ENIAC arba elektroninis skaitmeninis integratorius ir kompiuteris (angl. Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) – pirmasis pasaulyje programuojamas, bendrosios paskirties elektroninis skaitmeninis kompiuteris. Sukurtas 1945 m. vadovaujant Džonui Makliui ir Džonui Ekertui Pensilvanijos universitete (JAV). Buvo skirtas ginklo trajektorijų lentelių rengimui, tačiau pirmasis uždavinys buvo principinės vandenilinės bombos pagaminimo galimybės nustatymas.

ENIAC kompiuterio užpakalinė dalis, matomos vakuuminės lempos

ENIAC buvo užbaigtas 1945 m., o praktiniais tikslais pradėtas naudoti 1945 m. gruodžio 10 d.

To meto spaudos vadintas „Didžiosiomis smegenimis“ („Giant Brain“). Buvo 1000 kartų greitesnis už elektromechanines mašinas.

Aprašymas

Kompiuteryje buvo apie 17 500 vakuuminių elektroninių lempų ir 7200 diodų.

Šaltiniai

Eckert Jr., John Presper and Mauchly, John W.; Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, United States Patent Office, US Patent 3,120,606, filed 1947-06-26, issued 1964-02-04; invalidated 1973-10-19 after court ruling in Honeywell v. Sperry Rand.
Weik, Martin H. „The ENIAC Story“. Ordnance. Washington, DC: American Ordnance Association (January–February 1961). Suarchyvuotas originalas 2011-08-14. Nuoroda tikrinta 2015-03-29.
Rhodes 1995, chapter 13: The first problem assigned to the first working electronic digital computer in the world was the hydrogen bomb. […] The ENIAC ran a first rough version of the thermonuclear calculations for six weeks in December 1945 and January 1946.
McCartney 1999, p. 103: "ENIAC correctly showed that Teller's scheme would not work, but the results led Teller and Ulam to come up with another design together."
*„ENIAC on Trial – 1. Public Use“. www.ushistory.org. Search for 1945. Nuoroda tikrinta 2018-05-16. „The ENIAC machine […] was reduced to practice no later than the date of commencement of the use of the machine for the Los Alamos calculations, December 10, 1945.“
„'ENIAC': Creating a Giant Brain, and Not Getting Credit“. The New York Times.
„ENIAC USA 1946“. The History of Computing Project. History of Computing Foundation. 2013-03-13. Suarchyvuotas originalas 2021-01-04.
„ENIAC“. The Free Dictionary. Nuoroda tikrinta 2015-03-29.
Weik, Martin H. (December 1955). Ballistic Research Laboratories Report No. 971: A Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: United States Department of Commerce Office of Technical Services. p. 41. Nuoroda tikrinta 2015-03-29.

Literatūra

McCartney, Scott (1999). ENIAC: The Triumphs and Tragedies of the World's First Computer. Walker & Co. ISBN .
Rhodes, Richard (1995). Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb. Simon & Schuster. ISBN .

[1] Eckert Jr., John Presper and Mauchly, John W.; Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, United States Patent Office, US Patent 3,120,606, filed 1947-06-26, issued 1964-02-04; invalidated 1973-10-19 after court ruling in Honeywell v. Sperry Rand.

[ENIACstory-2] Weik, Martin H. „The ENIAC Story“. Ordnance. Washington, DC: American Ordnance Association (January–February 1961). Suarchyvuotas originalas 2011-08-14. Nuoroda tikrinta 2015-03-29.

[3] Rhodes 1995, chapter 13: The first problem assigned to the first working electronic digital computer in the world was the hydrogen bomb. […] The ENIAC ran a first rough version of the thermonuclear calculations for six weeks in December 1945 and January 1946.

[4] McCartney 1999, p. 103: "ENIAC correctly showed that Teller's scheme would not work, but the results led Teller and Ulam to come up with another design together."

[trial-5] *„ENIAC on Trial – 1. Public Use“. www.ushistory.org. Search for 1945. Nuoroda tikrinta 2018-05-16. „The ENIAC machine […] was reduced to practice no later than the date of commencement of the use of the machine for the Los Alamos calculations, December 10, 1945.“

[6] „'ENIAC': Creating a Giant Brain, and Not Getting Credit“. The New York Times.

[7] „ENIAC USA 1946“. The History of Computing Project. History of Computing Foundation. 2013-03-13. Suarchyvuotas originalas 2021-01-04.

[8] „ENIAC“. The Free Dictionary. Nuoroda tikrinta 2015-03-29.

[BRLreport-9] Weik, Martin H. (December 1955). Ballistic Research Laboratories Report No. 971: A Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: United States Department of Commerce Office of Technical Services. p. 41. Nuoroda tikrinta 2015-03-29.